John Lee examines how China’s campaign of historical distortion is recycled on the public stage to justify Beijing’s increasingly assertive political, military, and territorial actions. Lee also outlines a series of targeted soft-power policy options that, if implemented, would openly and frequently challenge the historical revisionism Beijing employs to justify its hegemonic ambitions.
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Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei awards the Order of Fat'h to Amir Ali Hajizadeh in Tehran, Iran, on October 6, 2024. (Iranian Leader Press Office/Anadolu via Getty Images)